HS‑LS1‑1 - Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
- [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include identification of specific cell or tissue types, whole body systems, specific protein structures and functions, or the biochemistry of protein synthesis.]
HS‑LS3‑1 - Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.
- [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanism of specific steps in the process.]
HS‑LS3‑2 - Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.
- [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using data to support arguments for the way variation occurs.]
- [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanism of specific steps in the process.]
HS‑LS3‑3 - Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.
- [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the use of mathematics to describe the probability of traits as it relates to genetic and environmental factors in the expression of traits.]
- [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include Hardy‑Weinberg calculations.]
HS‑LS1‑4 - Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.
- [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include specific gene control mechanisms or rote memorization of the steps of mitosis.]
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